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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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oct_dec
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1108581.000
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<text>
<title>
(Nov. 08, 1990) Wives:Caution -- Hazardous Work
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 08, 1990 Special Issue - Women:The Road Ahead
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE CHANGING FAMILY, Page 79
WIVES
Caution: Hazardous Work
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Looking for lifelong economic security? Don't bank on homemaking
</p>
<p>By Janice Castro--Reported by Leslie Dickstein/New York and
Joseph J. Kane/Atlanta
</p>
<p> Pursuing her own career was the last thing on Maureen Zack's
mind. She and her husband of 30 years, a Michigan surgeon, had
their hands full raising seven children in an affluent Detroit
suburb. But eight years ago, their marriage fell apart just as
Dr. Zack was beset with financial problems. Suddenly, Mrs. Zack,
who had not worked full time outside the home for 18 years, was
taking baby-sitting jobs and cleaning offices at night to
provide for her family. Four of her children dropped out of
college for a while to help pay the bills. "I felt so
desperate," she says. "My skills were so obsolete."
</p>
<p> Still, Maureen Zack was luckier than most. She eventually
won a modest divorce settlement and undertook a course of
studies that led to a job as a computer instructor. Not many of
the nation's 16 million so-called displaced homemakers land
quite so squarely on their feet. Having worked full time in the
home, they are often devastated by the economic wind shear that
hits when they lose their husbands because of death, divorce,
separation or abandonment. Lacking job skills, nearly 3 out of
5 live at or below the poverty level. Many more American women
are vulnerable to the same fate: about 22 million married women
are out of the labor force, dependent on their husbands'
income. And many of these, asserts the Displaced Homemakers
Network, based in Washington, "are just a man away from
poverty."
</p>
<p> The rising rates of mid-life divorce are swelling these
financially battered ranks. The advent of no-fault and
equitable-distribution divorce laws, which have greatly reduced
alimony payments, have left many full-time homemakers out in the
cold. Says Curtis Tillman, chief judge of the superior court in
DeKalb County, Ga.: "Society no longer believes that a husband
should support his wife. Now juries and judges see things as a
partnership."
</p>
<p> The most pitiable of the displaced homemakers may be the 58%
who are over 65. For many of them, the rules have changed too
late in the game. Charlee Lambert, 67, for example, was married
to a former Ford Motor Co. executive for 41 years and raised six
children before the couple split up. Now she works two full-time
jobs and shares her home with her adult daughter, her daughter's
boyfriend and her mother; she also takes in boarders. Another
divorced woman, who was married 40 years, moved in with her
parents--now in their late 70s--while she got her footing.
Social Security and pensions are often little help. A woman
married for more than 10 years typically collects no more than
two-thirds the Social Security that she and her husband would
have received. Ex-wives and widows rarely get more than half
their spouse's pension.
</p>
<p> Overcoming the sheer paralyzing fear of the workplace is
often the toughest hurdle. Many women have no idea what to wear
to a job interview and no sense of their abilities, and the
bills are piling up. In most parts of the country, though,
workshops on how to make the transition and find jobs are
available. Information is also offered by the Displaced
Homemakers Network. Older women are often surprised to find
that they can learn new skills such as computer processing. For
younger women, the lesson is one best learned early: more than
ever, the job of full-time homemaker may be the riskiest
profession to choose.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>